IUI is also called artificial insemination. Artificial insemination is a procedure that can treat male and female infertility. In intrauterine insemination, the man’s sperm are directly inserted into the woman’s uterus. This prevents any complications the sperm may have in reaching the uterus. IUI is the most common form of artificial insemination. This may be a good choice when the man’s sperm count is low or when the woman has endometriosis. Some hindrances to success include a woman’s older age, poor egg or sperm quality, or severe fallopian tube damage. You should discuss the risks and costs of IUI with your doctor. The IUI procedure can be an effective treatment for some causes of infertility in women such as mild male factor infertility, mild endometriosis, and unexplained infertility.